WASHINGTON — President Obama on Wednesday signed legislation that bans the U.S. Postal

Service from shipping cigarettes — a measure that's expected to cripple the mail-order

tobacco businesses run by members of the Seneca Nation of Indians.

White House press secretary Robert L. Gibbs announced the signing in a brief statement that

included no comment on the new law, which the Senecas fought furiously.

In response, Seneca Nation President Barry E. Snyder Sr. accused the president of betraying

the very Indian nations he wooed during his 2008 campaign and spoke to last fall.

"The president of the United States invited Native American leaders to Washington, D.C., in

November and looked us in the eye as a sign of good faith in his pledge to protect federal

treaties," Snyder said. "Now, four months later, he has betrayed that promise."

However, opponents of smoking rejoiced in Obama's action.

"Enactment of this legislation is a milestone in the fight to keep kids from smoking and

prevent tax evasion that costs taxpayers billions each year," said Matthew L. Myers, president

of the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids.

In addition to banning the mailing of cigarettes, the Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking

(PACT) Act requires those selling cigarettes on the Internet to:

Pay all federal, state, local or tribal tobacco taxes and affix tax stamps before

delivering any tobacco products to any customer.

Register with the state where they are based and make periodic reports to state

tax-collection officials.

Check the age and ID of customers when they purchase tobacco and when the tobacco

products are delivered.

The Seneca Nation has long contended that the bill would devastate the tax-free mail-order

cigarette business that provided a bargain to a growing number of smokers while making some

Senecas rich.

For months, the Senecas had said their cigarette industry employed 1,000 people, but in

recent statements, the tribe — without explanation — boosted that figure to 3,000.

"We have at least 90 days from the signing before the postal delivery ban goes into effect,

so we'll all be looking at ways to adapt and save as many jobs as possible," said J.C. Seneca,

a tribal cqcouncillor and co-chairman of the Seneca Nation's Foreign Relations Committee.

Obama signed the bill less than two weeks after it passed the House by a 387-25 vote. Earlier

in March, the Senate approved it unanimously.

The landslide votes and the president's signing show that the Senecas got nowhere in their

attempt to pressure lawmakers — particularly Sen. Kirsten E. Gillibrand, D-N.Y. —

to change their minds on the issue.

The tribe singled out Gillibrand in a billboard campaign, but on Wednesday, Snyder focused

his ire on Obama, saying the Crow Nation should revoke the honorary membership that it gave to

him during his presidential campaign.

"This is certainly not the first time a U.S. president has failed to honor federal treaty

rights, but it is particularly hurtful when this country's first minority president turns his

back on another group of minority Americans; it's a very personal pain and insult," Snyder

said.

Lawmakers from both parties have said in the last month, though, that the PACT Act was

merely common-sense legislation aimed at curbing the sale of tax-free cigarettes.

The bill had a powerful and unlikely coalition behind it, as anti-smoking groups teamed

with convenience store owners and tobacco giants such as Altria to push the measure.

The Senecas consistently portrayed the bill as a gift to Big Tobacco, but supporters of the

bill said that it was simply a matter of public health.

"The PACT Act will cut off a major source of tax-evading, low-cost tobacco from coming into

New York and other states," said Scott T. Santarella, President and chief executive officer of

the American Lung Association in New York. "The passage of this bill is a true public health

victory because higher tobacco prices will prevent more kids from beginning to smoke and

encourage more people to quit."

The Senecas stressed, though, that despite Obama's action, they aren't quitters.

"This is devastating for the Seneca Nation, the businesses and all the employees, but it

won't take us down," Seneca said.

"We've been pushed around by the government for centuries, and we keep finding ways to

survive."